wp_salt() WordPress Function
The wp_salt() function is used to generate a secure salt for use in passwords and other security-related functions. It is important to use a strong salt to protect against password guessing and other attacks.
wp_salt( string $scheme = 'auth' ) #
Returns a salt to add to hashes.
Description
Salts are created using secret keys. Secret keys are located in two places: in the database and in the wp-config.php file. The secret key in the database is randomly generated and will be appended to the secret keys in wp-config.php.
The secret keys in wp-config.php should be updated to strong, random keys to maximize security. Below is an example of how the secret key constants are defined. Do not paste this example directly into wp-config.php. Instead, have a secret key created just for you.
define('AUTH_KEY', ' Xakm<o xQy rw4EMsLKM-?!T+,PFF})H4lzcW57AF0U@N@< >M%G4Yt>f`z]MON');
define('SECURE_AUTH_KEY', 'LzJ}op]mr|6+![P}Ak:uNdJCJZd>(Hx.-Mh#Tz)pCIU#uGEnfFz|f ;;eU%/U^O~');
define('LOGGED_IN_KEY', '|i|Ux`9<p-h$aFf(qnT:sDO:D1P^wZ$$/Ra@miTJi9G;ddp_<q}6H1)o|a +&JCM');
define('NONCE_KEY', '%:R{[P|,s.KuMltH5}cI;/k<Gx~j!f0I)m_sIyu+&NJZ)-iO>z7X>QYR0Z_XnZ@|');
define('AUTH_SALT', 'eZyT)-Naw]F8CwA*VaW#q*|.)g@o}||wf~@C-YSt}(dh_r6EbI#A,y|nU2{B#JBW');
define('SECURE_AUTH_SALT', '!=oLUTXh,QW=H `}`L|9/^4-3 STz},T(w}W<I`.JjPi)<Bmf1v,HpGe}T1:Xt7n');
define('LOGGED_IN_SALT', '+XSqHc;@Q*K_b|Z?NC[3H!!EONbh.n<+=uKR:>*c(u`g~EJBf#8u#R{mUEZrozmm');
define('NONCE_SALT', 'h`GXHhD>SLWVfg1(1(N{;.V!MoE(SfbA_ksP@&`+AycHcAV$+?@3q+rxV{%^VyKT');Salting passwords helps against tools which has stored hashed values of common dictionary strings. The added values makes it harder to crack.
Parameters
- $scheme
(string)(Optional)Authentication scheme (auth, secure_auth, logged_in, nonce)
Default value: 'auth'
Return
(string) Salt value
More Information
Usage:
wp_salt( $scheme );
Notes:
- This function can be replaced via plugins. If plugins do not redefine these functions, then this will be used instead.
- See Also: Create a Secret Key for wp-config.php
Source
File: wp-includes/pluggable.php
function wp_salt( $scheme = 'auth' ) {
static $cached_salts = array();
if ( isset( $cached_salts[ $scheme ] ) ) {
/**
* Filters the WordPress salt.
*
* @since 2.5.0
*
* @param string $cached_salt Cached salt for the given scheme.
* @param string $scheme Authentication scheme. Values include 'auth',
* 'secure_auth', 'logged_in', and 'nonce'.
*/
return apply_filters( 'salt', $cached_salts[ $scheme ], $scheme );
}
static $duplicated_keys;
if ( null === $duplicated_keys ) {
$duplicated_keys = array( 'put your unique phrase here' => true );
foreach ( array( 'AUTH', 'SECURE_AUTH', 'LOGGED_IN', 'NONCE', 'SECRET' ) as $first ) {
foreach ( array( 'KEY', 'SALT' ) as $second ) {
if ( ! defined( "{$first}_{$second}" ) ) {
continue;
}
$value = constant( "{$first}_{$second}" );
$duplicated_keys[ $value ] = isset( $duplicated_keys[ $value ] );
}
}
}
$values = array(
'key' => '',
'salt' => '',
);
if ( defined( 'SECRET_KEY' ) && SECRET_KEY && empty( $duplicated_keys[ SECRET_KEY ] ) ) {
$values['key'] = SECRET_KEY;
}
if ( 'auth' === $scheme && defined( 'SECRET_SALT' ) && SECRET_SALT && empty( $duplicated_keys[ SECRET_SALT ] ) ) {
$values['salt'] = SECRET_SALT;
}
if ( in_array( $scheme, array( 'auth', 'secure_auth', 'logged_in', 'nonce' ), true ) ) {
foreach ( array( 'key', 'salt' ) as $type ) {
$const = strtoupper( "{$scheme}_{$type}" );
if ( defined( $const ) && constant( $const ) && empty( $duplicated_keys[ constant( $const ) ] ) ) {
$values[ $type ] = constant( $const );
} elseif ( ! $values[ $type ] ) {
$values[ $type ] = get_site_option( "{$scheme}_{$type}" );
if ( ! $values[ $type ] ) {
$values[ $type ] = wp_generate_password( 64, true, true );
update_site_option( "{$scheme}_{$type}", $values[ $type ] );
}
}
}
} else {
if ( ! $values['key'] ) {
$values['key'] = get_site_option( 'secret_key' );
if ( ! $values['key'] ) {
$values['key'] = wp_generate_password( 64, true, true );
update_site_option( 'secret_key', $values['key'] );
}
}
$values['salt'] = hash_hmac( 'md5', $scheme, $values['key'] );
}
$cached_salts[ $scheme ] = $values['key'] . $values['salt'];
/** This filter is documented in wp-includes/pluggable.php */
return apply_filters( 'salt', $cached_salts[ $scheme ], $scheme );
}
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Changelog
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 2.5.0 | Introduced. |