WP_User WordPress Class
The WP_User class is a class that allows developers to interact with users in the WordPress database. Developers can use this class to create, update, and delete users as well as retrieve information about users from the WordPress database. This class can be used to create custom user management systems for WordPress websites.
WP_User #
Core class used to implement the WP_User object.
More Information
Usage
To instantiate a specific user, you may use the class constructor :
<?php $user = new WP_User( $id [, $name [, $blog_id ] ] ); ?>
You can also use the wp_get_current_user global function to get a WP_User object matching the current logged user.
<?php
$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
if ( $current_user->has_cap('edit_users') ) {
// do something
}
?>
Check if user exists:
<?php
$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
if ( $current_user->exists() ) {
// do something
}
?>
Check if user has a property:
<?php
$current_user = wp_get_current_user();
if ( $current_user->has_prop( 'twitter' ) ) {
// do something
}
?>
Constructor
The WP_User constructor allows the following parameters :
- id (int) – the user’s id. Leave empty to use login name instead.
- name (string) – the user’s login name. Ignored if id is set.
- blog_id (int) – the blog id on a multisite environment. Defaults to the current blog id.
The semantics seem rather fuzzy. If id is a WP_User or other object, or an array of properties, it seems to clone it without touching the cache. Otherwise if id is a number it seems to try to read it possibly from the cache, or from the database using ->get_data_by(), which can also update the cache. If id is empty it reads by login name.
Note: If called with the
idornameparameter, the constructor queries the(wp_)userstable. If successful, the additional row data become properties of the object:user_login,user_pass,user_nicename,user_email,user_url,user_registered,user_activation_key,user_status,display_name,spam(multisite only),deleted(multisite only).
Source
File: wp-includes/class-wp-user.php
class WP_User {
/**
* User data container.
*
* @since 2.0.0
* @var stdClass
*/
public $data;
/**
* The user's ID.
*
* @since 2.1.0
* @var int
*/
public $ID = 0;
/**
* Capabilities that the individual user has been granted outside of those inherited from their role.
*
* @since 2.0.0
* @var bool[] Array of key/value pairs where keys represent a capability name
* and boolean values represent whether the user has that capability.
*/
public $caps = array();
/**
* User metadata option name.
*
* @since 2.0.0
* @var string
*/
public $cap_key;
/**
* The roles the user is part of.
*
* @since 2.0.0
* @var string[]
*/
public $roles = array();
/**
* All capabilities the user has, including individual and role based.
*
* @since 2.0.0
* @var bool[] Array of key/value pairs where keys represent a capability name
* and boolean values represent whether the user has that capability.
*/
public $allcaps = array();
/**
* The filter context applied to user data fields.
*
* @since 2.9.0
* @var string
*/
public $filter = null;
/**
* The site ID the capabilities of this user are initialized for.
*
* @since 4.9.0
* @var int
*/
private $site_id = 0;
/**
* @since 3.3.0
* @var array
*/
private static $back_compat_keys;
/**
* Constructor.
*
* Retrieves the userdata and passes it to WP_User::init().
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param int|string|stdClass|WP_User $id User's ID, a WP_User object, or a user object from the DB.
* @param string $name Optional. User's username
* @param int $site_id Optional Site ID, defaults to current site.
*/
public function __construct( $id = 0, $name = '', $site_id = '' ) {
if ( ! isset( self::$back_compat_keys ) ) {
$prefix = $GLOBALS['wpdb']->prefix;
self::$back_compat_keys = array(
'user_firstname' => 'first_name',
'user_lastname' => 'last_name',
'user_description' => 'description',
'user_level' => $prefix . 'user_level',
$prefix . 'usersettings' => $prefix . 'user-settings',
$prefix . 'usersettingstime' => $prefix . 'user-settings-time',
);
}
if ( $id instanceof WP_User ) {
$this->init( $id->data, $site_id );
return;
} elseif ( is_object( $id ) ) {
$this->init( $id, $site_id );
return;
}
if ( ! empty( $id ) && ! is_numeric( $id ) ) {
$name = $id;
$id = 0;
}
if ( $id ) {
$data = self::get_data_by( 'id', $id );
} else {
$data = self::get_data_by( 'login', $name );
}
if ( $data ) {
$this->init( $data, $site_id );
} else {
$this->data = new stdClass;
}
}
/**
* Sets up object properties, including capabilities.
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @param object $data User DB row object.
* @param int $site_id Optional. The site ID to initialize for.
*/
public function init( $data, $site_id = '' ) {
if ( ! isset( $data->ID ) ) {
$data->ID = 0;
}
$this->data = $data;
$this->ID = (int) $data->ID;
$this->for_site( $site_id );
}
/**
* Returns only the main user fields.
*
* @since 3.3.0
* @since 4.4.0 Added 'ID' as an alias of 'id' for the `$field` parameter.
*
* @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
*
* @param string $field The field to query against: 'id', 'ID', 'slug', 'email' or 'login'.
* @param string|int $value The field value.
* @return object|false Raw user object.
*/
public static function get_data_by( $field, $value ) {
global $wpdb;
// 'ID' is an alias of 'id'.
if ( 'ID' === $field ) {
$field = 'id';
}
if ( 'id' === $field ) {
// Make sure the value is numeric to avoid casting objects, for example,
// to int 1.
if ( ! is_numeric( $value ) ) {
return false;
}
$value = (int) $value;
if ( $value < 1 ) {
return false;
}
} else {
$value = trim( $value );
}
if ( ! $value ) {
return false;
}
switch ( $field ) {
case 'id':
$user_id = $value;
$db_field = 'ID';
break;
case 'slug':
$user_id = wp_cache_get( $value, 'userslugs' );
$db_field = 'user_nicename';
break;
case 'email':
$user_id = wp_cache_get( $value, 'useremail' );
$db_field = 'user_email';
break;
case 'login':
$value = sanitize_user( $value );
$user_id = wp_cache_get( $value, 'userlogins' );
$db_field = 'user_login';
break;
default:
return false;
}
if ( false !== $user_id ) {
$user = wp_cache_get( $user_id, 'users' );
if ( $user ) {
return $user;
}
}
$user = $wpdb->get_row(
$wpdb->prepare(
"SELECT * FROM $wpdb->users WHERE $db_field = %s LIMIT 1",
$value
)
);
if ( ! $user ) {
return false;
}
update_user_caches( $user );
return $user;
}
/**
* Magic method for checking the existence of a certain custom field.
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @param string $key User meta key to check if set.
* @return bool Whether the given user meta key is set.
*/
public function __isset( $key ) {
if ( 'id' === $key ) {
_deprecated_argument(
'WP_User->id',
'2.1.0',
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: WP_User->ID */
__( 'Use %s instead.' ),
'<code>WP_User->ID</code>'
)
);
$key = 'ID';
}
if ( isset( $this->data->$key ) ) {
return true;
}
if ( isset( self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ] ) ) {
$key = self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ];
}
return metadata_exists( 'user', $this->ID, $key );
}
/**
* Magic method for accessing custom fields.
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @param string $key User meta key to retrieve.
* @return mixed Value of the given user meta key (if set). If `$key` is 'id', the user ID.
*/
public function __get( $key ) {
if ( 'id' === $key ) {
_deprecated_argument(
'WP_User->id',
'2.1.0',
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: WP_User->ID */
__( 'Use %s instead.' ),
'<code>WP_User->ID</code>'
)
);
return $this->ID;
}
if ( isset( $this->data->$key ) ) {
$value = $this->data->$key;
} else {
if ( isset( self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ] ) ) {
$key = self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ];
}
$value = get_user_meta( $this->ID, $key, true );
}
if ( $this->filter ) {
$value = sanitize_user_field( $key, $value, $this->ID, $this->filter );
}
return $value;
}
/**
* Magic method for setting custom user fields.
*
* This method does not update custom fields in the database. It only stores
* the value on the WP_User instance.
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @param string $key User meta key.
* @param mixed $value User meta value.
*/
public function __set( $key, $value ) {
if ( 'id' === $key ) {
_deprecated_argument(
'WP_User->id',
'2.1.0',
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: WP_User->ID */
__( 'Use %s instead.' ),
'<code>WP_User->ID</code>'
)
);
$this->ID = $value;
return;
}
$this->data->$key = $value;
}
/**
* Magic method for unsetting a certain custom field.
*
* @since 4.4.0
*
* @param string $key User meta key to unset.
*/
public function __unset( $key ) {
if ( 'id' === $key ) {
_deprecated_argument(
'WP_User->id',
'2.1.0',
sprintf(
/* translators: %s: WP_User->ID */
__( 'Use %s instead.' ),
'<code>WP_User->ID</code>'
)
);
}
if ( isset( $this->data->$key ) ) {
unset( $this->data->$key );
}
if ( isset( self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ] ) ) {
unset( self::$back_compat_keys[ $key ] );
}
}
/**
* Determines whether the user exists in the database.
*
* @since 3.4.0
*
* @return bool True if user exists in the database, false if not.
*/
public function exists() {
return ! empty( $this->ID );
}
/**
* Retrieves the value of a property or meta key.
*
* Retrieves from the users and usermeta table.
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @param string $key Property
* @return mixed
*/
public function get( $key ) {
return $this->__get( $key );
}
/**
* Determines whether a property or meta key is set.
*
* Consults the users and usermeta tables.
*
* @since 3.3.0
*
* @param string $key Property.
* @return bool
*/
public function has_prop( $key ) {
return $this->__isset( $key );
}
/**
* Returns an array representation.
*
* @since 3.5.0
*
* @return array Array representation.
*/
public function to_array() {
return get_object_vars( $this->data );
}
/**
* Makes private/protected methods readable for backward compatibility.
*
* @since 4.3.0
*
* @param string $name Method to call.
* @param array $arguments Arguments to pass when calling.
* @return mixed|false Return value of the callback, false otherwise.
*/
public function __call( $name, $arguments ) {
if ( '_init_caps' === $name ) {
return $this->_init_caps( ...$arguments );
}
return false;
}
/**
* Sets up capability object properties.
*
* Will set the value for the 'cap_key' property to current database table
* prefix, followed by 'capabilities'. Will then check to see if the
* property matching the 'cap_key' exists and is an array. If so, it will be
* used.
*
* @since 2.1.0
* @deprecated 4.9.0 Use WP_User::for_site()
*
* @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
*
* @param string $cap_key Optional capability key
*/
protected function _init_caps( $cap_key = '' ) {
global $wpdb;
_deprecated_function( __METHOD__, '4.9.0', 'WP_User::for_site()' );
if ( empty( $cap_key ) ) {
$this->cap_key = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $this->site_id ) . 'capabilities';
} else {
$this->cap_key = $cap_key;
}
$this->caps = $this->get_caps_data();
$this->get_role_caps();
}
/**
* Retrieves all of the capabilities of the user's roles, and merges them with
* individual user capabilities.
*
* All of the capabilities of the user's roles are merged with the user's individual
* capabilities. This means that the user can be denied specific capabilities that
* their role might have, but the user is specifically denied.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @return bool[] Array of key/value pairs where keys represent a capability name
* and boolean values represent whether the user has that capability.
*/
public function get_role_caps() {
$switch_site = false;
if ( is_multisite() && get_current_blog_id() != $this->site_id ) {
$switch_site = true;
switch_to_blog( $this->site_id );
}
$wp_roles = wp_roles();
// Filter out caps that are not role names and assign to $this->roles.
if ( is_array( $this->caps ) ) {
$this->roles = array_filter( array_keys( $this->caps ), array( $wp_roles, 'is_role' ) );
}
// Build $allcaps from role caps, overlay user's $caps.
$this->allcaps = array();
foreach ( (array) $this->roles as $role ) {
$the_role = $wp_roles->get_role( $role );
$this->allcaps = array_merge( (array) $this->allcaps, (array) $the_role->capabilities );
}
$this->allcaps = array_merge( (array) $this->allcaps, (array) $this->caps );
if ( $switch_site ) {
restore_current_blog();
}
return $this->allcaps;
}
/**
* Adds role to user.
*
* Updates the user's meta data option with capabilities and roles.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param string $role Role name.
*/
public function add_role( $role ) {
if ( empty( $role ) ) {
return;
}
if ( in_array( $role, $this->roles, true ) ) {
return;
}
$this->caps[ $role ] = true;
update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
$this->get_role_caps();
$this->update_user_level_from_caps();
/**
* Fires immediately after the user has been given a new role.
*
* @since 4.3.0
*
* @param int $user_id The user ID.
* @param string $role The new role.
*/
do_action( 'add_user_role', $this->ID, $role );
}
/**
* Removes role from user.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param string $role Role name.
*/
public function remove_role( $role ) {
if ( ! in_array( $role, $this->roles, true ) ) {
return;
}
unset( $this->caps[ $role ] );
update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
$this->get_role_caps();
$this->update_user_level_from_caps();
/**
* Fires immediately after a role as been removed from a user.
*
* @since 4.3.0
*
* @param int $user_id The user ID.
* @param string $role The removed role.
*/
do_action( 'remove_user_role', $this->ID, $role );
}
/**
* Sets the role of the user.
*
* This will remove the previous roles of the user and assign the user the
* new one. You can set the role to an empty string and it will remove all
* of the roles from the user.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param string $role Role name.
*/
public function set_role( $role ) {
if ( 1 === count( $this->roles ) && current( $this->roles ) == $role ) {
return;
}
foreach ( (array) $this->roles as $oldrole ) {
unset( $this->caps[ $oldrole ] );
}
$old_roles = $this->roles;
if ( ! empty( $role ) ) {
$this->caps[ $role ] = true;
$this->roles = array( $role => true );
} else {
$this->roles = array();
}
update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
$this->get_role_caps();
$this->update_user_level_from_caps();
foreach ( $old_roles as $old_role ) {
if ( ! $old_role || $old_role === $role ) {
continue;
}
/** This action is documented in wp-includes/class-wp-user.php */
do_action( 'remove_user_role', $this->ID, $old_role );
}
if ( $role && ! in_array( $role, $old_roles, true ) ) {
/** This action is documented in wp-includes/class-wp-user.php */
do_action( 'add_user_role', $this->ID, $role );
}
/**
* Fires after the user's role has changed.
*
* @since 2.9.0
* @since 3.6.0 Added $old_roles to include an array of the user's previous roles.
*
* @param int $user_id The user ID.
* @param string $role The new role.
* @param string[] $old_roles An array of the user's previous roles.
*/
do_action( 'set_user_role', $this->ID, $role, $old_roles );
}
/**
* Chooses the maximum level the user has.
*
* Will compare the level from the $item parameter against the $max
* parameter. If the item is incorrect, then just the $max parameter value
* will be returned.
*
* Used to get the max level based on the capabilities the user has. This
* is also based on roles, so if the user is assigned the Administrator role
* then the capability 'level_10' will exist and the user will get that
* value.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param int $max Max level of user.
* @param string $item Level capability name.
* @return int Max Level.
*/
public function level_reduction( $max, $item ) {
if ( preg_match( '/^level_(10|[0-9])$/i', $item, $matches ) ) {
$level = (int) $matches[1];
return max( $max, $level );
} else {
return $max;
}
}
/**
* Updates the maximum user level for the user.
*
* Updates the 'user_level' user metadata (includes prefix that is the
* database table prefix) with the maximum user level. Gets the value from
* the all of the capabilities that the user has.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
*/
public function update_user_level_from_caps() {
global $wpdb;
$this->user_level = array_reduce( array_keys( $this->allcaps ), array( $this, 'level_reduction' ), 0 );
update_user_meta( $this->ID, $wpdb->get_blog_prefix() . 'user_level', $this->user_level );
}
/**
* Adds capability and grant or deny access to capability.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param string $cap Capability name.
* @param bool $grant Whether to grant capability to user.
*/
public function add_cap( $cap, $grant = true ) {
$this->caps[ $cap ] = $grant;
update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
$this->get_role_caps();
$this->update_user_level_from_caps();
}
/**
* Removes capability from user.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param string $cap Capability name.
*/
public function remove_cap( $cap ) {
if ( ! isset( $this->caps[ $cap ] ) ) {
return;
}
unset( $this->caps[ $cap ] );
update_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, $this->caps );
$this->get_role_caps();
$this->update_user_level_from_caps();
}
/**
* Removes all of the capabilities of the user.
*
* @since 2.1.0
*
* @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
*/
public function remove_all_caps() {
global $wpdb;
$this->caps = array();
delete_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key );
delete_user_meta( $this->ID, $wpdb->get_blog_prefix() . 'user_level' );
$this->get_role_caps();
}
/**
* Returns whether the user has the specified capability.
*
* This function also accepts an ID of an object to check against if the capability is a meta capability. Meta
* capabilities such as `edit_post` and `edit_user` are capabilities used by the `map_meta_cap()` function to
* map to primitive capabilities that a user or role has, such as `edit_posts` and `edit_others_posts`.
*
* Example usage:
*
* $user->has_cap( 'edit_posts' );
* $user->has_cap( 'edit_post', $post->ID );
* $user->has_cap( 'edit_post_meta', $post->ID, $meta_key );
*
* While checking against a role in place of a capability is supported in part, this practice is discouraged as it
* may produce unreliable results.
*
* @since 2.0.0
* @since 5.3.0 Formalized the existing and already documented `...$args` parameter
* by adding it to the function signature.
*
* @see map_meta_cap()
*
* @param string $cap Capability name.
* @param mixed ...$args Optional further parameters, typically starting with an object ID.
* @return bool Whether the user has the given capability, or, if an object ID is passed, whether the user has
* the given capability for that object.
*/
public function has_cap( $cap, ...$args ) {
if ( is_numeric( $cap ) ) {
_deprecated_argument( __FUNCTION__, '2.0.0', __( 'Usage of user levels is deprecated. Use capabilities instead.' ) );
$cap = $this->translate_level_to_cap( $cap );
}
$caps = map_meta_cap( $cap, $this->ID, ...$args );
// Multisite super admin has all caps by definition, Unless specifically denied.
if ( is_multisite() && is_super_admin( $this->ID ) ) {
if ( in_array( 'do_not_allow', $caps, true ) ) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
// Maintain BC for the argument passed to the "user_has_cap" filter.
$args = array_merge( array( $cap, $this->ID ), $args );
/**
* Dynamically filter a user's capabilities.
*
* @since 2.0.0
* @since 3.7.0 Added the `$user` parameter.
*
* @param bool[] $allcaps Array of key/value pairs where keys represent a capability name
* and boolean values represent whether the user has that capability.
* @param string[] $caps Required primitive capabilities for the requested capability.
* @param array $args {
* Arguments that accompany the requested capability check.
*
* @type string $0 Requested capability.
* @type int $1 Concerned user ID.
* @type mixed ...$2 Optional second and further parameters, typically object ID.
* }
* @param WP_User $user The user object.
*/
$capabilities = apply_filters( 'user_has_cap', $this->allcaps, $caps, $args, $this );
// Everyone is allowed to exist.
$capabilities['exist'] = true;
// Nobody is allowed to do things they are not allowed to do.
unset( $capabilities['do_not_allow'] );
// Must have ALL requested caps.
foreach ( (array) $caps as $cap ) {
if ( empty( $capabilities[ $cap ] ) ) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Converts numeric level to level capability name.
*
* Prepends 'level_' to level number.
*
* @since 2.0.0
*
* @param int $level Level number, 1 to 10.
* @return string
*/
public function translate_level_to_cap( $level ) {
return 'level_' . $level;
}
/**
* Sets the site to operate on. Defaults to the current site.
*
* @since 3.0.0
* @deprecated 4.9.0 Use WP_User::for_site()
*
* @param int $blog_id Optional. Site ID, defaults to current site.
*/
public function for_blog( $blog_id = '' ) {
_deprecated_function( __METHOD__, '4.9.0', 'WP_User::for_site()' );
$this->for_site( $blog_id );
}
/**
* Sets the site to operate on. Defaults to the current site.
*
* @since 4.9.0
*
* @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
*
* @param int $site_id Site ID to initialize user capabilities for. Default is the current site.
*/
public function for_site( $site_id = '' ) {
global $wpdb;
if ( ! empty( $site_id ) ) {
$this->site_id = absint( $site_id );
} else {
$this->site_id = get_current_blog_id();
}
$this->cap_key = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix( $this->site_id ) . 'capabilities';
$this->caps = $this->get_caps_data();
$this->get_role_caps();
}
/**
* Gets the ID of the site for which the user's capabilities are currently initialized.
*
* @since 4.9.0
*
* @return int Site ID.
*/
public function get_site_id() {
return $this->site_id;
}
/**
* Gets the available user capabilities data.
*
* @since 4.9.0
*
* @return bool[] List of capabilities keyed by the capability name,
* e.g. array( 'edit_posts' => true, 'delete_posts' => false ).
*/
private function get_caps_data() {
$caps = get_user_meta( $this->ID, $this->cap_key, true );
if ( ! is_array( $caps ) ) {
return array();
}
return $caps;
}
}
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Methods
- __call— Makes private/protected methods readable for backward compatibility.
- __construct— Constructor.
- __get— Magic method for accessing custom fields.
- __isset— Magic method for checking the existence of a certain custom field.
- __set— Magic method for setting custom user fields.
- __unset— Magic method for unsetting a certain custom field.
- _init_caps— Sets up capability object properties.— deprecated
- add_cap— Adds capability and grant or deny access to capability.
- add_role— Adds role to user.
- exists— Determines whether the user exists in the database.
- for_blog— Sets the site to operate on. Defaults to the current site.— deprecated
- for_site— Sets the site to operate on. Defaults to the current site.
- get— Retrieves the value of a property or meta key.
- get_caps_data— Gets the available user capabilities data.
- get_data_by— Returns only the main user fields.
- get_role_caps— Retrieves all of the capabilities of the user's roles, and merges them with individual user capabilities.
- get_site_id— Gets the ID of the site for which the user's capabilities are currently initialized.
- has_cap— Returns whether the user has the specified capability.
- has_prop— Determines whether a property or meta key is set.
- init— Sets up object properties, including capabilities.
- level_reduction— Chooses the maximum level the user has.
- remove_all_caps— Removes all of the capabilities of the user.
- remove_cap— Removes capability from user.
- remove_role— Removes role from user.
- set_role— Sets the role of the user.
- to_array— Returns an array representation.
- translate_level_to_cap— Converts numeric level to level capability name.
- update_user_level_from_caps— Updates the maximum user level for the user.
Changelog
| Version | Description |
|---|---|
| 2.0.0 | Introduced. |