wpdb::update( string $table, array $data, array $where, string[]|string $format = null, string[]|string $where_format = null ): int|false

Description

$wpdb->update(
 'table',
 array(
 'column1' => 'foo',
 'column2' => 'bar',
 ),
 array(
 'ID' => 1,
 )
);
$wpdb->update(
 'table',
 array(
 'column1' => 'foo',
 'column2' => 1337,
 ),
 array(
 'ID' => 1,
 ),
 array(
 '%s',
 '%d',
 ),
 array(
 '%d',
 )
);

Compatibility

Present in every tracked release (6.7.7 to 7.1.0), and compiles on PHP 7.4 through 8.6-dev.

Parameters

$tablestring

Table name.

$dataarray

Data to update (in column => value pairs).
Both $data columns and $data values should be "raw" (neither should be SQL escaped).
Sending a null value will cause the column to be set to NULL - the corresponding format is ignored in this case.

$wherearray

A named array of WHERE clauses (in column => value pairs).
Multiple clauses will be joined with ANDs.
Both $where columns and $where values should be "raw".
Sending a null value will create an IS NULL comparison - the corresponding format will be ignored in this case.

$formatstring[]|stringoptional

An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $data.
If string, that format will be used for all of the values in $data.
A format is one of '%d', '%f', '%s' (integer, float, string).
If omitted, all values in $data will be treated as strings unless otherwise specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.Default: null

$where_formatstring[]|stringoptional

An array of formats to be mapped to each of the values in $where.
If string, that format will be used for all of the items in $where.
A format is one of '%d', '%f', '%s' (integer, float, string).
If omitted, all values in $where will be treated as strings unless otherwise specified in wpdb::$field_types. Default null.Default: null

Return value

int|false

The number of rows updated, or false on error.

Performance profile

How much work a call to wpdb::update() does, and what it touches: the algorithmic scaling, the Zend instruction count per call across PHP versions, the hooks it hands control to, and the core code that calls it. Measured from the compiled opcodes, not a stopwatch, so every number is identical on any machine running the same PHP version, and every function in core is ranked by cost.

Cost class

Heavy

Reaches the database via wpdb::update().

Scaling

Scales with input

The body loops, so the work grows with what you pass in.

Instructions

8–54

Executed per call on PHP 8.5, depending on the branch taken. The body compiles to 99.

Plugin surface

None

Nothing here hands control to plugin code.

Called by

0

Nothing in core calls this; the cost is only what you spend yourself.

What it touches

• sqldatabase querywpdb::update()this function does it

What one call costs · 4 distinct outcomes

One number would be a lie: the work depends on which branch runs. These are every distinct cost wpdb::update() can have, taken from its control-flow graph on PHP 8.5.

Uses · 3

• wpdb::process_fields()Processes arrays of field/value pairs and field formats.
• wpdb::query()Performs a database query, using current database connection.
• wpdb::prepare()Prepares a SQL query for safe execution.

Source code

View on Trac ↗View on GitHub ↗

2674	public function update( $table, $data, $where, $format = null, $where_format = null ) {2675		if ( ! is_array( $data ) || ! is_array( $where ) ) {2676			return false;2677		}2678 2679		$data = $this->process_fields( $table, $data, $format );2680		if ( false === $data ) {2681			return false;2682		}2683		$where = $this->process_fields( $table, $where, $where_format );2684		if ( false === $where ) {2685			return false;2686		}2687 2688		$fields     = array();2689		$conditions = array();2690		$values     = array();2691		foreach ( $data as $field => $value ) {2692			if ( is_null( $value['value'] ) ) {2693				$fields[] = "`$field` = NULL";2694				continue;2695			}2696 2697			$fields[] = "`$field` = " . $value['format'];2698			$values[] = $value['value'];2699		}2700		foreach ( $where as $field => $value ) {2701			if ( is_null( $value['value'] ) ) {2702				$conditions[] = "`$field` IS NULL";2703				continue;2704			}2705 2706			$conditions[] = "`$field` = " . $value['format'];2707			$values[]     = $value['value'];2708		}2709 2710		$fields     = implode( ', ', $fields );2711		$conditions = implode( ' AND ', $conditions );2712 2713		$sql = "UPDATE `$table` SET $fields WHERE $conditions";2714 2715		$this->check_current_query = false;2716		return $this->query( $this->prepare( $sql, $values ) );2717	}

Changelog

Introduced in 2.5.0. Unchanged from 6.7.7 through 7.1.0.

1. 6.7.7
2. 6.8.8
3. 6.9.7
4. 7.0.4
5. 7.1.0

Signature, return type and hooks compared across 5 parsed releases.

About this page

Parsed data

Generated from the wordpress-develop 6.7.7 tag, from src/wp-includes/class-wpdb.php, and regenerated for each WordPress release so it tracks the code rather than a snapshot of it.

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