wp_print_styles( string|bool|array $handles = false ): string[]
- Since
- 2.6.0
- Source
wp-includes/functions.wp-styles.php:44
Description
Passing an empty array to $handles prints the queue, passing an array with one string prints that style, and passing an array of strings prints those styles.
Compatibility
- WordPress
- since 2.6.0
- PHP
- 7.4–8.6-dev
- 6.7.7
- 6.8.8
- 6.9.7
- 7.0.4
- 7.1.0
Present in every tracked release (6.7.7 to 7.1.0), and compiles on PHP 7.4 through 8.6-dev.
Parameters
$handlesstring|bool|arrayoptional- Styles to be printed. Default 'false'.Default:
false
Return value
string[]- On success, an array of handles of processed WP_Dependencies items; otherwise, an empty array.
Performance profile
How much work a call to wp_print_styles() does, and what it touches: the algorithmic scaling, the Zend instruction count per call across PHP versions, the hooks it hands control to, and the core code that calls it. Measured from the compiled opcodes, not a stopwatch, so every number is identical on any machine running the same PHP version, and every function in core is ranked by cost.
- Cost class
- Trivial
- Scaling
- Constant
- Instructions
- 12–21
- Plugin surface
- 1 hook
- Called by
- 3
Touches nothing outside its own arguments.
No loop in the body: the same number of instructions runs whatever you pass in.
Executed per call on PHP 8.5, depending on the branch taken. The body compiles to 22.
Third-party callbacks on 'wp_print_styles' run inside this call, and their cost is not bounded by anything here.
3 places in core call this, so the cost is paid more often than your own code shows.
What it touches
- hookthird-party callbacks
do_action()called directly
Further down the call graph this can also reach query, option, cache, serialize and transient. Those are the worst case, several calls deep and usually down an error path, not what a normal call pays.
What one call costs · 4 distinct outcomes
One number would be a lie: the work depends on which branch runs. These are every distinct cost wp_print_styles() can have, taken from its control-flow graph on PHP 8.5.
| When | Instructions | Calls it makes |
|---|---|---|
!($wp_styles instanceof) | 12–13 | _wp_scripts_maybe_doing_it_wrong() |
!($wp_styles instanceof) | 15–16 | do_action(), _wp_scripts_maybe_doing_it_wrong() |
| always | 16–18 | _wp_scripts_maybe_doing_it_wrong(), wp_styles(), ->do_items() |
| always | 19–21 | do_action(), _wp_scripts_maybe_doing_it_wrong(), wp_styles(), ->do_items() |
Across PHP versions
Compiles the same on PHP 7.4, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5 and 8.6-dev: 22 instructions, 12–21 executed per call, 4 branches. The work does not change between versions.
An instruction is not a fixed amount of time, so a matching count is not necessarily the same speed; what it rules out is a difference in the work itself.
Hooks and filters fired · 1
One hook fires while wp_print_styles() runs, in this order:
- do_action( wp_print_styles )actionline 57 (+13 into the body)
Fires before styles in the $handles queue are printed.
Uses · 4
- do_action()Calls the callback functions that have been added to an action hook.
- _wp_scripts_maybe_doing_it_wrong()Helper function to output a _doing_it_wrong message when applicable.
- wp_styles()Initializes $wp_styles if it has not been set.
- wp_styles()::do_items()
Used by · 3
- _WP_Editors::editor()Outputs the HTML for a single instance of the editor.
- _wp_get_iframed_editor_assets()Collect the block editor assets that need to be loaded into the editor's iframe.
- wp_admin_css()Enqueues or directly prints a stylesheet link to the specified CSS file.
Source code
function wp_print_styles( $handles = false ) { global $wp_styles; if ( '' === $handles ) { // For 'wp_head'. $handles = false; } if ( ! $handles ) { /** * Fires before styles in the $handles queue are printed. * * @since 2.6.0 */ do_action( 'wp_print_styles' ); } _wp_scripts_maybe_doing_it_wrong( __FUNCTION__ ); if ( ! ( $wp_styles instanceof WP_Styles ) ) { if ( ! $handles ) { return array(); // No need to instantiate if nothing is there. } } return wp_styles()->do_items( $handles );}Changelog
Introduced in 2.6.0. One change between 6.7.7 and 7.1.0.
Signature, return type and hooks compared across 5 parsed releases.
$handles retyped from string|bool|array to string|false|string[].verified against sourceAbout this page
- Parsed data
- Generated from the wordpress-develop 6.9.7 tag, from
src/wp-includes/functions.wp-styles.php, and regenerated for each WordPress release so it tracks the code rather than a snapshot of it. - Corrections
- Something wrong on this page? Report it and it gets fixed in the next regeneration.